Wolgan Valley experiences cold winters and hot, dry summers, ensuring the survival of only the most resilient of plants and animals. The Greater Blue Mountain World Heritage Area is home to a diverse range of species that are endemic to the Valley. This is in part due to the range of topography; which includes grassy plains, wetlands bordering the Wolgan River, rocky outcrops and mountains forested with Eucalyptus trees.

Frosts, harsh winds and poor drainage have required plants in the Blue Mountains region to be hardy and highly adapted. An understory of River Rose, star-shaped Matted St John's Wort and various heath species can be found interspersed with ferns and rush. This lush mix provides wild animals with ample food and an abundance of sheltered habitats.

The mid-storey features Acacias and Ornamental Ash, overseen by a canopy of over a hundred varieties of Eucalyptus.

To date, a study of the Valley's wildlife has recorded approximately 120 vertebrate species, including marsupials such as kangaroos, wallabies and koalas. Of note, is the return of four small kangaroo species that are believed to have existed in the Wolgan area before predators like foxes, wild cats and feral dogs were introduced. A special habitat has been established for small marsupial species such as Potoroos and Bettongs, and a perimeter fence runs around the property in a bid to control feral predators.

Twitchers will delight in identifying 96 bird species; among which are the rare Glossy Black Cockatoo and the diminutive Regent Honeyeater. Peregrine Falcons can be observed patrolling along the river, while wombats and their young enjoy feasting on lush grasses that blanket the plains. Also recorded are 42 different types of reptiles and 17 varieties of frog; a testament to the health of the ecosystem.